Texas Instruments was formed in 1951 from the electronics business of Geophysical Service Incorporated and became a foundational semiconductor company. Its work on integrated circuits, processors and calculators gave it the technology to build complete personal computers under its own name.
The TI-99/4 was the first mass-market 16-bit home computer, while the improved TI-99/4A became a major early-1980s platform. TI also created the portable Compact Computer 40, professional 8088 systems and ambitious unreleased successors such as the TI-99/8 before withdrawing from the home-computer market.